The draft Reservation of Seats in Central Educational Institutions, 2006 is ready. If implemented in this form, upto 50% of all seats in 32 central educational institutions (IIT, IIM, JNU, AIIMs etc) will be reserved for students from scheduled caste/tribe or other backward class backgrounds..
The Cabinet secretariat has put it on hold for now. Not because its bad in principle. But because the move could technically violate the model code of conduct laid down by the Election Commision (EC). At least on the face of it. Elections in five states are coming up. The good news is that matters have risen to a desirable crescendo. The bad news is that no real alternatives or solutions are still on the table. Till that happens, this problem ain’t going away.
In my earlier post, I made a strong case to descend to the streets to protest the government’s move. Not because I am an alumni of any of these institutions. Rather, it’s a move that’s most unimaginative in concept and terrible in principle Thanks to the media, yes, the media (not sure our politicians and their advisors rise every morning and Google Search for what the blog world is saying) the issue is right up there. Yes, Salman Khan’s incarceration is also up there.
Silent Approval..Or Rejection ?
Arjun Singh’s defiance is matched by the deafening silence of most of the political system, notably his own party members. It’s a political weapon which Singh, with silent approval or otherwise, is carrying alone. The accompanying silence points to one thing. That there is a good chance the whole thing will either get deferred or even scrapped. Of course, that is the optimistic view. There is a pessimistic view too, but no point getting into it now.
What can now make the ghost of reservations go away once for all ? Very little. Because it is this writer’s instinctive view that there needs to be a a solution that will address both constituencies. The OBC students who possibly feel alienated from the higher education system and the politicians who want to find a quick fix solution like reservation.
We’ve had a great economic going for the last few years. Thanks to the BJP’s disasterous tryst with India Shining, no one dares use this term any more. But the fact IS that Urban India is shining. And how. The fact also remains that demographically, there are more young aspiring Indians out there. Many of them are students. Remember, this is a country with a median age of around 25.
Talking Higher Education
Just to put things in perspective. An student who is classified as belonging to OBC would have had to finish Class XII or graduation as the case may be. So as to apply for IIT or IIM. The school or college he or she would hail from may or may not be noteworthy but the fact is that there has to be one. So, we are not talking about people who’ve been denied primary or basic education. That’s a different lot altogether.
Now this lot has witnessed the last four years of glitzy growth pretty much the way you and I have. Their education and exposure allows them to experience, through mass media and the like. More importantly, it makes them aspire. Their aspirations would be the same as you and me again..graduation, B-School education, jobs in good companies and so on. Or if it’s a JNU, then a platform for a good career in academia, government. Or medicine in the case of AIIMS.
The glitzy growth I speak of does not embrace this class of youngsters entirely. At least not yet. Much of the growth has been jobless so to speak. And yet, the mass media impact of urban prosperity on these aspiring youngsters cannot be ignored. Its simple. Ten, twenty years ago, most aspiring young workers fled to the Middle East. Because they were not so poor or downtrodden that they could not have the basic education and skills. And they were not so lucky so as to hit the `mainstream’.
Euphoric Growth, But Does Everyone Benefit ?
It’s a little different today. There is as much euphoric growth in India, or parts of it, as perhaps many other corners of the world. Yes, Shanghai and Dubai are building and growing at stratospheric rates but a city like Bombay, with 55 new malls coming up, sea-links, Mercedes cars as common as normal cars were a few decades ago, is no less alluring, or puzzling. Or Gurgaon. The traffic-clogged roads are as much as a sign of prosperity as of the utter non-existence of urban planning.
Is Arjun Singh and the political class trying to address this class of young India ? Is he really concerned about them ? I don’t know and would defer to the experts. Does this class of young India stand to benefit with reservation ? Yes, in some way. In appeasement if not results. And that’s the politician’s solution. But the politician can retire (as Arjun Singh might, soon) but the ghosts will remain.
The aspirations of this class of youth will have to be met. In my mind, among the best people to do it are those benefited from the same state’s model of excellence. Alumni of IITs and IIMs need to put their heads together (as they’ve done admirably elsewhere) and come up with workable solutions that will address this constituency of India.
Bottom Of The Pyramid Approach To Education ?
They need to come up with a education and growth roadmap that will address, either with private or public-private initiatives, the larger aspirations of this young India. The IT industry often asks the government to build new townships. Because existing cities like Bangalore are creaking under their people-intensive needs. The Special Economic Zone solution, with all its tax holes, will address this in some way. And pretty soon.
A similar thought process needs to evolve for education. Industry can’t find all the solutions. Nor should it. Or the jobs even if the education system was strengthened. But industry has the brains and the ability to put its mind to it. It needs to demonstrate the desire. And show the way with real master plans and solutions to attack this issue head on. Whether with a new breed of colleges (for profit) or a bottom of the pyramid approach to education. Because industry and the economy will in turn benefit from a stronger workforce. Think about it. Because its not Arjun Singh’s problem alone. Its ours as well..
In any case, the proposed reservations are affecting a host of centrally aided institutes, so everyone needs to stop referring to IITs and IIMs in isolation. Delhi University is going to be one of the worst hit.
As far as solutions go, they're not lacking... But a solution has to be implemented, right? Eg Former IIT director P V Indiresan said on NDTV that for years, he has been appealing to the govt to set up a National Talent Scheme which will pick up and groom kids from disadvantaged backgrounds around the age of 10.
But such policies take years to bear fruit... By which time 3 govts would have changed. So which politician will bother?!
Also organisations like 'Pratham' and 'Akanksha' have been working really hard to create a more level playing field. Pratham in particular has a scale and national presence (in the last 9 years they have reaached out to a million children) Yet in a large country that's but a small drop in the ocean.
Lastly, solutions from IIT/ IIM alumni or even an independent third party will argue that caste based discrimination may still exist but perpetuating it is not the way forward for the country. Once and for all we must stop equating caste with class.
Once that is accepted as a matter of principle we can start seeking real solutions!!
Further government spending on education in the current manner will not work - teachers in government schools merely take their money and cannot be held accountable. School vouchers may be a good solution - giving poor people (or SCs / STs / OBCs if the politicians insist) school vouchers that can be used in a school of their choice to pay for education may help get more kids into decent schools, and bring about greater accountability in other schools.
Reservations at the IITs and IIMs clearly are gimmicks. As someone pointed out, they will help a grand total of 600 OBCs get into in IIMs. (and probably much less if castes such as Jats, Kunbis etc. who already have decent representation are included in the OBC list). Unlike Rashmi, I am not concerned about bodies like DU or JNU - if Bombay University (including colleges like VJTI and UDCT) can live with 50% reservation, so can they. But calling for IIM alumnii to give up their cushy jobs to come out onto the streets is a bit much. The total number of IIM alumnii is not more than 35000 - you are not gonna get a material demonstration from them. Further, most of us are not personally affected except to the extent the brand equity of our alma mater suffers. So I guess we depend on posts in blogs (and guys like you who are in the media) to communicate our views to the powers that be.
When the quota was first introduced, it was implemented to raise the level of living of the so-called "backward classes". A true way to uplift the SCs and STs is just what rashmi bansal and unknown indian have suggested, not reservations. But now, with all the jobs, decent education universities etc. kept out of the reach of the "normal" people, it is going to lead to either a huge amount of brain drain, or utter unemployment for us. In the former case, it will lead to the Government again spending lotsa money to woo these NRIs back, and in the latter case, it will lead to these unemployed people becoming "backward". Then, there will be reservations for these "newly backwarded" classes, but then, the SCs, STs, and OBCs will scream, "discrimination".
my views on this issue -
http://chiranjeevi04.blogspot.com/
Thanks. You always give me something to think about. Here, this line: Because it is this writer’s instinctive view that there needs to be a a solution that will address both constituencies.
One small point. You say: Remember, this is a country with a median age of around 25. And if I'm reading it right, your implication is that the median age is decreasing. Any evidence for that? My feeling is, our median age can't have changed too dramatically: if it is 25 now, it likely has been there or close for years. (You might want to look at this).
I did promise you something about ARA -- I haven't forgotten, one of these days!
http://barbarindians.blogspot.com/
"Much before the nation began debating reservation in IITs and IIMs, a slow revolution had begun unfolding at the Centre for Excellence (CEx) in Kozhikode. Established in June 2002 with the support of the SC/ST development department of the Kerala government, CEx has been under the "incubation" of IIM, Kozhikode. It offers a five-month Certificate Course for Professional Development (CCPD), currently open only to Dalit and Adivasi graduates from Kerala. According to Damodaran Nampoothiri, programme director: "The course is focused towards imparting communication, IT and managerial skills, personality development and entrepreneurship.
CEx has a success rate of 35%. "It does in five months what others can't in three years."
The students then either opt for higher studies or get jobs in the public and private sectors." The Kerala government subsidises the project entirely and pays each student a Rs 2,000 monthly stipend.
In six batches till 2005, a total of 208 Dalit and Adivasi students have passed out of CEx. Of these, 37 have opted for higher studies, 34 have found employment, accounting for a 35 per cent success rate. Some students, such as K.R. Dilraj, have successfully taken the CAT and procured an MBA from IIM, Kozhikode. "Before joining CEx, Dilraj was a court clerk. Today, he earns Rs 8 lakh per annum as bank assurance manager with ICICI Lombard Insurance in Hyderabad," says Nampoothiri. ICICI Lombard recruited Dilraj not because he was an Adivasi. He was just good for the job. CEx believes merit is nothing but the availability of opportunity".
more here: http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20060424&fname=Cover+Story+%28F%29&sid=3
Take the claim of "merit based" entrance to all IIMs and dozens of other institutes.
The CAT exam is based on the SAT exam in the USA . It has been proved beyond doubt that the SAT test is culturally biased . Blacks and hispanics do poorly at it year after year .
If a student who is eligible for admission to IIM on the basis of his CAT score, were to take the same CAT exam in which he/she cleared in a language that he/she did not understand then he/she would be at a disadvantage compared to someone who was schooled in that language . Not knowing that language does not mean you lack the capacity to clear that exam.
Approximately 25 % of CAT test is about English! Another 25 % is about English Comprehension!!!! There you are !!!! About 50 % so called aptitude test is a hoax for someone who is from a non-english speaking background .
This is how the CAT like the SAT is discriminatory .
See the full form of SAT …Scholastic Aptitude Test . The problem is aptitude testing is not so simple . There is no test on earth which can reliably tests aptitude .
Aptitude tests such as the SAT have a historical tie to the concept of innate mental abilities and the belief that such abilities can be defined and meaningfully measured. Neither notion has been supported by modern research. Few scientists who have considered these matters seriously would argue that aptitude tests such as the SAT provide a true measure of intellectual abilities.
It was found that people could be coached to better their scores at SAT . The name SAT …Scholastic Aptitude Test could not be correct . So under such valid criticism the name was changed to Scholastic Assessment Test, since a test that can be coached clearly did not measure inherent "scholastic aptitude", but was influenced largely by what the test subject had learned in school. Even the College Board which conducts the SAT has beaten a hasty retreat.This was a major theoretical retreat by the College Board conducting SAT, which had previously maintained that the test measured inherent aptitude and was free of bias.
About ten years back , however, even the redundancy of the term assessment test was recognized and the name was changed to the neutral, and non-descriptive, SAT. At the time, the College Board announced, "Please note that SAT is not an initialism. It does not stand for anything."
The framers of these SAT tests assumed that intelligence was a unitary inherited attribute, that it was not subject to change over a lifetime, and that it could be measured and individuals could be ranked and assigned their place in society accordingly. The SAT evolved from these questionable assumptions about human talent and potential.
More and more people are questioning the validity of SAT . In the past MENSA used to accept high SAT score individuals . For the past decade it has stopped accepting SAT scores .
The whole exercise of deciding merit based on CAT scores discriminates against those from lower socio-economic status.
Though many non-IIM institutes have started accepting CAT scores, the application fee of these institutes is still inexplicably high.
The CAT is primarily an exam of Math and English. Logical and Analytical Reasoning is nearly absent (except for some verbal reasoning which again depends on knowing English well!!!!).
CAT is a clever way to keep those from lower socio-economic strata away Institutes funded with tax payers money .
So claims of “Merit” based on CAT scores is hollow and discriminatory against those of lower socio-economic strata.
Dhirubhai Ambani had a poor command over English . He would not have made it through CAT. So what "merit" are we talking of?
You say stop equating caste and class .
I suggest the dynamic of the preindustrial caste system is similar to the industrial class system.
Will Azimbhai Premji announce that the next chairman of Wipro will not be his son? Will he make that decision on merit ? Why did Ratan Tata succeed Bharat Ratna JRD Tata ? Was he the most accomplished person in the Tata empire ? So you see the new industrial "cosmopolitan caste "reserves the topmost creamy posts to one of their own .These posts are very much “Reserved”
Let me type what I see .
Man is a social animal . And he forms communities to work with , marry ,socialise .
In the pre-agricultural economy of forest ,communities are tribes .
In agricultural economies of village, communities are the traditional castes (like you see in India) . Relatively good conditions in agricuture through history made castes a widely practiced phenomenon in the subcontinent . Even religious conversion has failed to remove the caste system .Caste clearly follows a different dynamic which has nothing to do with religion .
In industrial economies of city based, communities are a new “cosmopolitan caste”.
These three kinds of economies 1) tribal ,2) village(traditional caste) and 3)city (cosmopolitan caste) have fashioned the modern nation as it exists today .Most modern nations are have come into existence during the Industrial revolution .
Modern nations all over the world have had to grapple with the problem of how to assimilate those left behind in the forests and villages in pre-agricultural or agricultural economies . In India due to poor economy growth the problems are vastly more acute .
We cannot wish away the existence of these pre-agricultural tribes or agricutural castes and exclude them from our industrial cosmopolitan caste.
Forest covers are disappearing. The very habitat of the tribal in endangered .
And its tough to compete with the developed countries Industrial technology based agriculture with India’s traditional pre-industrial agriculture . Take for example today 57 of the Indian population is engaged in non- machine aided agrarian activities, this translates into an Indian food worker producing enough food for himself and a surplus for another Indian.We are still importing food from time to time. Contrast this to US, where less than two percent of American population is engaged in machine aided agriculture or related activities. An American farmer produces enough food for 50 people including himself, with even more left over for export. Therefore the American farmer is very productive and very rich by comparison.
Agriculture needs water. Water table is receding in India. Today 70 per cent of irrigation needs and 80 per cent of domestic water supplies in India are met through pumping up groundwater through tube wells. But this massively deployed private response to public failure can only be temporary. Water tables are plummeting and aquifers are running dry. Estimates show that 15 per cent of aquifers are already critical and the number is projected to rise to 60 per cent in just twenty years .
For more read http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/apr/28water.htm
With each passing generation inherits ,the share of the agricultural land of each subsequent generation becomes less and less . When each person has a very small plot of land you cannot have advantages of scale .
Traditional means of incomes are drying up in forests and villages .
Farmers have been commiting suicide .
Naxalites philosophies are attracting a greater following in some jungles.
SITUATION IS GRIM. There remains a large part of the population simply unequipped with skill set required to compete in the industrial/service world .
WE HAVE A TRAGEDY OF ENORMOUS PROPORTIONS STARING IN OUR FACE.
Castes are a form of social stratification from the agriculture economy era . Some castes have been able to make the shift to industrial economy to become a member of the new cosmopolitan caste to a greater extent than others .
Castes in India are endogamous . Majority of indians still marry within their castes .The sense of traditional caste is weak for the new cosmopolitan castes in urban Indians as they work in industries in these cities .In their case a more cosmopolitan anglacised sense of community has replaced the pre-industrial traditional caste system. This is simply the industrial version of the traditional caste system .Members of this new cosmopolitan caste also practice endogamy . They marry their own kind . And prefer to work ,live and socialise with their own kind . It is an unacknowledged caste in the sense they see themselves above the caste system . “Caste no bar” if you belong to this cosmopolitan caste . Looking through the matrimonial advertisements in news papers or surf through matrimonial sites on the web . You will see right away that those who consider themselves diehard cosmopolitan is miniscule .Most people still retain that weak link to the traditional caste system when it comes to important decisions like marriage .
What needs to be kept in mind that people prefer to work with their own castes . For example for his medical needs someone from the cosmopolitan caste is not likely to see a general practioner who has poor english skills. In the same way someone who is a say from a tribal village is unlikely to be comfortable with a general practioner who is a english speaking westernised dandy. Where possible people go to physicians who they consider as one of their own, some one who speak their language and understand their lifestyle .
You see this same division in private sector as well. If you are corporate entity and your company has predominantly members from the Cosmopolitan caste you are likely to reject someone who does not seem to reflect your cosmopolitan culture,especially for the important high profile,high visibilty appointments . Companies call this “cultural fit”.
Will Azimbhai Premji announce that the next owner of Wipro will not be his son? Will he make that decision on merit ? Why did Ratan Tata succeed Bharat Ratna JRD Tata ? Was he the most accomplished person in the Tata empire ? So you see the cosmopolitan caste reserves the topmost creamy posts to one of their own in a very similar way like the traditional caste system .These posts are very much “Reserved” . If the english speaking members of the cosmopolitan caste fails entrance exams , group discussion, interviews all of which are often conducted in English , then there are always management quotas ,governing body quotas ,NRI quotas ,paid seats within India or paid seats abroad all of which can be accessed with money or influence .
Owners or management recruiters from each caste almost always recruit people from their own castes .Some one of their own kind . If you do not have enough members of your own caste as recruiters whether it is government or private jobs the entry points into the industrial economy drastically come down. Each caste has its ‘Creamy’ layer .Some castes have very thick layers of cream . Some castes have a thinner layer compared to their size. Thick or thin this creamy layer is its entry point into the industrial world .
This problem is by no means peculiar to India .What is different is the sheer magnitude of the problem .
Governments all over the world use “affirmative action” to remedy this serious problem.
Reservations and quotas are a form of Affirmative action.
What is affirmative action ?
Affirmative action is a policy or a program aimed at increasing the representation of members of groups that have traditionally been discriminated against. This typically focuses on education,employment, government contracts ,health care or social welfare.
Just look at how it is practiced in the following countries :
American President Lyndon Johnson said "You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line in a race and then say, 'you are free to compete with all the others', and still justly believe that you have been completely fair."
In USA : American President Lyndon Johnson brought in affirmative action by an “excecutive order” . The order aims "to correct the effects of past and present discrimination".
The order specifically requires certain organizations accepting federal funds to take affirmative action to increase employment of members of preferred racial or ethnic groups and women. Any organization with fifty or more employees and an aggregate revenue exceeding $50,000 from a single federal contract during a twelve month period must have a written affirmative action plan. This plan must include goals and timetables for achieving full utilization of women and members of racial minorities, in quotas based on an analysis of the current workforce compared to the availability in the general labor pool of women and members of racial minorities.
Regarding Native Americans there are today more than 563 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States. The United States recognizes the right of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty and self-determination. These tribes possess the right to form their own government, to enforce laws (both civil and criminal), to tax, to establish membership, to license and regulate activities, to zone and to exclude persons from tribal territories. The recognition confers benefits, including the right to label arts and crafts as Native American and they can apply for grants that are specifically reserved for Native Americans.
In Japan : there is an informal policy to provide employment and long term welfare (which is usually not available to general public) to Burakumin (untouchables).
In Brazil :Brazilian Universities (State or Federal) have created systems of preferred admissions (quotas) for racial minorities (blacks and native Brazilians), the poor and the handicapped. There are also quotas for the disabled in the civil public services.
In Malaysia :there are laws called bumiputra laws which are a form of affirmative action meant to provide more opportunity for the majority ethnic Malay population versus the historical financial dominance of the Malaysian Chinese and Malaysian Indian populations.
In New Zealand :individuals of Maori or other Polynesian descent are often afforded preferential access to university courses, and scholarships.
In South Africa : there is a the Employment Equity Act aims to promote and achieve equity in the workplace, by encouraging equal opportunity amongst all workers. It includes efforts to identify reasons for inequalities and change the employment rates of previously underrepresented groups for a more equitable job market.
In UK: according to the Good Friday Agreement the law requires that the Police Service of Northern Ireland recruit equal numbers of Catholics and non Catholics.
In Indonesia: affirmative action programs give natives preference over Han Chinese who have immigrated into the country.
In Macedonia :minorities, most notably Albanians, are allocated quotas for access to state universities, as well as in civil public services.
In China : there is a quota for minority representatives in the National Assembly in Beijing, as well as other realms of government.
In the European Union: there is an antiracism directive which concerns the application of the principle of equality without regard to race or ethnic origin. This anti-racism directive, is to be implemented in national law of the member states.
In Germany :there are programs stating that if men and women had equal qualifications, women had to be preferred for a job. The anti-discrimination law which is yet to pass, aims at improving the protection of minorities.
Belgium government :proposed in January 2006 a measure that will make some job opportunities available exclusively to immigrants, disabled and elderly people.
Much of the developed world does believe that social justice can be done by reservation/quotas for those that are discriminated against.
Dalit issues of India have already been linked with human rights issue in International forum like the UN .
To repeat what past American President Lyndon Johnson said "You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line in a race and then say, 'you are free to compete with all the others', and still justly believe that you have been completely fair."
By introducing reservation in elite institutes govt. pointing fingers at the entrance system hinting that there is discrimination on basis of caste which is simply not true. However reservation on basis of financial status is welcome upto certain extent.
I am of the opinion that merit today is a popularly mistaken concept.Merit simply means natural level of superiority of fitness of an individual to pursue a course.But today its mistaken for high scores in examinations where questions are repeated every year{In BOARD EXAMS,state level entrance tests}and coached{READ IT AS "DOPED"} candidate through this thing, so-called hard work scores high marks.What I intend to say is "ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE MEANS HIGH SCORES.BUT NOT ALL,INFACT MOST, HIGH SCORES MEAN ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE"
There are other entrance tests also for example IIT-JEE,which was meant for selecting the best brains of country, a couple of decades ago.But now see what's happening even idiots are dreaming of making it to an IIT and what's more disastrous is they are succeeding.THE KOTA and COACHING INFLUENCE IS SO HIGH THAT STUDENTS PACKED WITH RAW INTELLIGENCE AND JUST OUT OF SCHOOL FIND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE IT TO IIT.If the JEE today is being called monstrous because of race between JEE paper setters and these coaching institutes three components of society are responsible for it.They are:
1.MEDIOCRE STUDENTS
2.THEIR OVER ZEALOUS PARENTS
3.COACHING INSTITUTES MAKING THEIR DREAMS COME TRUE.
ALL this is resulting in creation of a crowd where it is impossible to distinguish between the powerful deserving and mediocre undeserving brains as the person who deserves to be in there must also go thru same process and in case if he chooses not to go to these rank churning cram schools,the undeserving idiot snatches his seat away.MAKING A PAPER TOUGHER IS NOT THE WAY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HAVE AND HAVE NOTS TILL THESE COACHING CENTRES exist. TO SUMMARIZE:"ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE MEANS HIGH SCORES.BUT NOT ALL,INFACT MOST, HIGH SCORES MEAN ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE"
and
"INTELLIGENCE DOES MEAN ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE BUT NOT ALL ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE MEANS INTELLIGENCE"
Combining both
INTELLIGENCE DOES MEAN HIGH SCORES BUT NOT ALL HIGH SCORES INFACT A BIG MAJORITY MEAN INTELLIGENCE"
i think the best way is to set up seperate IIT's ,IIM's and medical colleges for reservation categories.
http://www.iimk.ac.in/inmedia/inmedia-CEx_dalitwinners.htm
This is what the government should focus on and not on reservations.
As far as English being a crucial test in CAT, the fact is true but kindly ponder on the rationale.
Also,
1. Why take the example of CAT alone? 2. If this argument is true, then have reservations for those who study in vernacular mediums rather than for a class of people (who might have studied in an English medium school). 3.Even after reservations the candidate getting in would be a rich kid of an IAS office or a General Manager in a PSU, are you guys trying to say that this person had less oppurtunity than a poor so called called upper class boy?
Reservation promotes resistance to hard work and exertion. Of all the reserved students that I have seen during engineering and b-school I can count those who worked hard on my hands. The other treated the stay as a vacation, failed and got a job in a PSU. May of them were sons/daughters of rich parents - IAS officers, Engineers and Doctors. Did they need reservations? The best example was a girl in engineering. She was born and brought up in London and came to India when she was in the 9th and took a quota seat in Engineering. Did she need it?
Finally Mr Arjun, stop playing your dirty politics. If you have to gain votes, ask your concience "Is this the right method"? or should I win votes based on my merit ?
shringar@gmail.com